steel tape invar tape chain metallic tape
Answer Discuss in Comment
plotting becomes easy survey work can be completed quickly accumulation of errors is prevented all of the above
taking offsets from a chain line chaining over a range of mountains aligning the chain in a straight line between two extremities fixing ranging rods on the extremities of the area
nickel and steel brass and steel copper and steel brass and nickel
1 cm : 50 m RF = 300000 1 cm 50 km 1 : 42000
accidental errors only cumulative errors only both accidental and cumulative errors none of the above
residual error conditional error weighted observation true error
4 10 16 64
invar cloth and wires steel linen
20° 30° 45° 60°
"Scientists dream about doing great things. Engineers do them."
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