steel tape invar tape metallic tape chain
Answer Discuss in Comment
plotting becomes easy survey work can be completed quickly accumulation of errors is prevented all of the above
aligning the chain in a straight line between two extremities chaining over a range of mountains taking offsets from a chain line fixing ranging rods on the extremities of the area
brass and nickel copper and steel brass and steel nickel and steel
RF = 300000 1 cm 50 km 1 : 42000 1 cm : 50 m
accidental errors only cumulative errors only both accidental and cumulative errors none of the above
true error weighted observation conditional error residual error
4 10 16 64
linen invar cloth and wires steel
20° 30° 45° 60°
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