invar tape steel tape metallic tape chain
Answer Discuss in Comment
plotting becomes easy survey work can be completed quickly accumulation of errors is prevented all of the above
taking offsets from a chain line chaining over a range of mountains fixing ranging rods on the extremities of the area aligning the chain in a straight line between two extremities
nickel and steel brass and nickel brass and steel copper and steel
1 cm : 50 m RF = 300000 1 : 42000 1 cm 50 km
accidental errors only cumulative errors only both accidental and cumulative errors none of the above
weighted observation true error residual error conditional error
4 10 16 64
linen cloth and wires steel invar
20° 30° 45° 60°
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