chain steel tape invar tape metallic tape
Answer Discuss in Comment
plotting becomes easy survey work can be completed quickly accumulation of errors is prevented all of the above
taking offsets from a chain line fixing ranging rods on the extremities of the area aligning the chain in a straight line between two extremities chaining over a range of mountains
brass and nickel nickel and steel copper and steel brass and steel
1 cm 50 km 1 : 42000 RF = 300000 1 cm : 50 m
accidental errors only cumulative errors only both accidental and cumulative errors none of the above
residual error conditional error true error weighted observation
4 10 16 64
steel cloth and wires linen invar
20° 30° 45° 60°
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